Addressing the issue of bias in observational studies: Using instrumental variables and a quasi-randomization trial in an ESME research project | PLOS ONE
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Conceptual framework of the instrumental variable analysis. Briefly,... | Download Scientific Diagram
![Dr Ellie Murray, ScD on Twitter: "First, instrumental variables and causal graphs: An instrument is a special type of variable that is associated (causally or otherwise) with the exposure you're interested in. Dr Ellie Murray, ScD on Twitter: "First, instrumental variables and causal graphs: An instrument is a special type of variable that is associated (causally or otherwise) with the exposure you're interested in.](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D4h61w5W4AAB_fX.jpg:large)
Dr Ellie Murray, ScD on Twitter: "First, instrumental variables and causal graphs: An instrument is a special type of variable that is associated (causally or otherwise) with the exposure you're interested in.
![Instrumental variable analysis to generate causal estimates through... | Download Scientific Diagram Instrumental variable analysis to generate causal estimates through... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317284717/figure/fig1/AS:628625720221696@1526887459568/Instrumental-variable-analysis-to-generate-causal-estimates-through-Mendelian.png)